Amakhambi e-Aogubio aphumelele ukuhlolwa kwebanga eligcwele lokungcola kwanamuhla. Ukuhlola kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo, izibulala-zinambuzane eziyingozi, i-sulphur dioxide, ama-aflatoxin.
Isitifiketi Sokuhlaziya (COA) sikhiqizwa ngeqeqebana ngalinye lamakhambi. I-COA ibhala ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu yemithi yayo ekhishwe ngamakhambi.
Ukuqinisekiswa Kwezinhlobo
Ukuqinisekiswa wukunqunywa kwezinhlobo ezifanele, umsuka kanye nekhwalithi yamakhambi aseShayina. Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ye-Aogubio ihlose ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi angelona iqiniso, noma ngabe ngokuhlonza okuyiphutha noma ukufaka esikhundleni semikhiqizo yokulingisa.
Indlela yokuqinisekisa ye-Aogubio ayimodeli kuphela ngemva kwezincwadi eziyisisekelo ze-TCM, kodwa futhi ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ezithile zezwe ngalinye zekhwalithi nezindlela zokuhlola. Indlela yokuqinisekisa iphinde isebenzise ubuchwepheshe obucacisiwe ukuze kutholwe umsuka olungile kanye nezinhlobo zamakhambi aseShayina.
I-Aogubio yenza izindlela ezilandelayo zokuqinisekisa kumakhambi aluhlaza:
1.Ukubukeka
2.Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Microscopic
3.Ukuhlonza ngokomzimba/kwamakhemikhali
4.Izigxivizo Zeminwe Zekhemikhali
I-Aogubio isebenzisa amasu e-Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), i-High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), kanye ne-Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) ukuze iqinisekise ubunikazi bohlobo lwamakhambi. .
Ukutholwa kweSulfur Dioxide
I-Aogubio ithatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukufuthwa kwesibabule ukuthi kufakwe emakhambi ayo aluhlaza. I-Aogubio ithatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuphepha ukuze igcine i-sulphur fumigation emakhambi ayo, ngoba ingabeka engcupheni ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yamakhambi.
Amaqembu e-Aogubio alawula ikhwalithi ahlaziya amakhambi e-sulphur dioxide. I-Aogubio isebenzisa izindlela ezilandelayo: i-aerated-oxidization, i-iodine titration, i-spectroscopy yokumuncwa kwe-athomu kanye nokuqhathanisa umbala oqondile. I-Aogubio isebenzisa indlela ye-Rankine yokuhlaziya izinsalela ze-sulphur dioxide. Ngale ndlela, isampula ye-herbal isabela nge-asidi bese i-distilled. I-sulphur dioxide ingena ku-oxidized Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). Isisekelo sesulfuric esiwumphumela sibhalwe ngesisekelo esijwayelekile. Imibala ewumphumela inquma okuqukethwe kwesibabule: okuluhlaza kwe-olive kubonisa ukuthi ayikho insalela yesibabule ene-oxidized kuyilapho umbala obomvu-purplish ubonisa ukuba khona kwe-oxidized sulfuric acid.
Ukutholwa Kwezinsalela Zezibulala-zinambuzane
Izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa zibe i-organochlorine, i-organophosphate, i-carbamate ne-pyrethin. Kulezi, izibulala-zinambuzane ze-organochlorine zinomlando omude kakhulu wokusetshenziswa, zinamandla kakhulu ekusebenzeni, futhi ziyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Nakuba izibulala-zinambuzane eziningi ze-organochlorine sezinqatshelwe kakade ngokomthetho, imvelo yazo ephikelelayo imelana nokubhidlizwa futhi ingahlala endaweni isikhathi eside ngemva kokusetshenziswa. I-Aogubio ithatha indlela ebanzi yokuhlola izibulala-zinambuzane.
Amalebhu e-Aogubio awahloli nje kuphela izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali kwisibulala-zinambuzane ngokwaso, kodwa futhi ahlole izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziphuma kumkhiqizo. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kufanele kubikezele zonke izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezingase zibe yingozi ezikhiqizwa esitshalweni ukuze zisebenze ngempela. Amasu asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ukuze kutholwe izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane i- thin-layer chromatography (TLC) noma i-gas chromatography. I-TLC isetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi ezijwayelekile ngoba ilula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Nokho i-KP iphikelela ekusebenziseni i-chromatography yegesi ngenxa yokuzwela kwayo okuphezulu, ukunemba, kanye nemiphumela ethembeke kakhulu.
Ukutholwa kwe-Aflatoxin
I-Aspergillus flavus isikhunta esitholakala kwizibulala-zinambuzane, umhlabathi, ummbila, amantongomane, utshani kanye nezitho zezilwane. I-Aspergillus flavus iphinde yatholakala kumakhambi aseShayina afana ne-corydalis (yan hu suo), i-cyperus (xiang fu) ne-jujube (da zao). Iqhakaza ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-77–86°F, umswakama ohlobene ngaphezu kuka-75% kanye nezinga le-pH elingaphezu kuka-5.6. Isikhunta singakhula emazingeni okushisa aphansi aze afike ku-54° kodwa ngeke sibe nobuthi.
I-Aogubio isebenzisa izimiso eziqinile zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuhlolwa kwe-aflatoxin kwenziwa kuwo wonke amakhambi asengozini yokungcoliswa. I-Aogubio iwazisa amakhambi ekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi amakhambi aqukethe amazinga e-Aflatoxin angamukelekile ayalahlwa. Lezi zindinganiso eziqinile zigcina amakhambi ephephile futhi esebenza ngempumelelo kubathengi.
Ukutholwa Kwensimbi Enzima
Amakhambi asetshenziselwe ukwelapha e-China izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, amakhambi akhula emvelweni ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwengozi yokungcoliswa yizibulala-zinambuzane noma ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ngokuthuthuka kwezimboni zezolimo kanye nokwanda kwemboni yamakhemikhali, isimo sesishintshile. Imfucuza yezimboni nezibulala-zinambuzane zingangeza amakhemikhali ayingozi emakhambi. Ngisho nemfucuza engaqondile - njengemvula ene-asidi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcolile - ingashintsha amakhambi ngendlela eyingozi. Kanye nokukhula kwemboni, ingozi yezinsimbi ezisindayo emakhambi isiyinkinga enkulu.
Izinsimbi ezisindayo zibhekisela kumakhemikhali ensimbi anomthamo omkhulu futhi anobuthi obukhulu. I-Aogubio ithatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze ihlole imikhiqizo yabahlinzeki bayo ukuze igweme izinsimbi ezisindayo. Uma amakhambi efika e-Aogubio, ahlaziywa njengamakhambi aluhlaza futhi ahlaziywe futhi ngemva kokucubungula ngendlela yama-granules.
I-Aogubio isebenzisa i-plasma mass spectrometry (i-ICP-MS) ehlanganiswe ngendlela eguquguqukayo ukuze ithole izinsimbi ezinhlanu ezisindayo ezibeka engcupheni enkulu kakhulu empilweni yomuntu: umthofu, ithusi, i-cadmium, i-arsenic ne-mercury. Ngobuningi obudlulele ngayinye yalezi zinsimbi ezisindayo ibeka impilo engozini ngezindlela ezahlukene.
