Kodi nicotinamide ndi chiyani?

Kodi nicotinamide ndi chiyani?

Nicotinamide, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti niacinamide kapena nicotinic acid amide, ndiye mtundu wosungunuka m'madzi, womwe umagwira ntchito wa vitamini B3. Zakhala zikuphunziridwa mochulukirachulukira pazizindikiro zosiyanasiyana m'munda wadermatology, koma kafukufuku wochuluka akufunika kuti amveketse phindu lake.

Nicotinamide mwachilengedwe amapezeka pang'ono mu yisiti, nyama yowonda, nsomba, mtedza ndi nyemba. Nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kumbewu ndi zakudya zina. Oral nicotinamide imapezeka ngati 20-30 mg mu zosakaniza za multivitamin, ndipo payokha monga mapiritsi otsika mtengo a 500-mg. Yaphatikizidwanso mu ambirizamutuothandizira kuphatikizapo sunscreens ndi cosmetic agents.

Kodi nicotinamide imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Zotsatira zakuchipatala za nicotinamide zitha kufotokozedwa ndi ntchito yake monga:

• Ama cellmphamvu kalambulabwalo
• A modulator yachotupa cytokines
• Ancholetsachanyukiliya enzymepoly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose [ADP]) polymerase [PARP], yomwe imathandizira kwambiriDNAkukonza, kukonza kukhazikika kwa ma genomic, ndikuyankha kwa ma cell kuvulala kuphatikizakutupandiapoptosis(kufa kwa cell).

Kodi nicotinamide amagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?

Vitamini B3 ndiyofunikira kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino; kusowa kumabweretsa matenda aakulu, pellagra. Oral nicotinamide imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pochiza pellagra.

Nicotinamide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala imatha kupindulitsa khungu m'njira zingapo zosiyanasiyana.

• Nicotinamide ali nayoodana ndi kutupakatundu, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza bullous (matuza) matenda.
• Itha kusintha ziphuphu zakumaso ndi anti-yotupa komanso kuchepetsa sebum.
• Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yotchinga khungu mwa kuchepetsa kutaya kwa madzi kudzera muepidermis(kunja kwa khungu) motero kumawonjezera kutsekemera kwapakhungu.
• Amanenedwa kuti amawongolera khungu, mwa kukonza bwinomtundu, blotchiness ndi redness ukalamba khungu; chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa zinacosmeceuticalmankhwala.
• Ikhoza kuchepetsa actinic keratoses ndi chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu, makamaka squamous cell carcinoma.
• Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuphulika kwa kuwala kwa polymorphic.

Matenda a pakhungu amathandizidwa ndi nicotinamide

• Oral nicotinamide

Bullous pemphigoid

Kuphatikiza kwa nicotinamide wapakamwa ndi tetracycline kumawoneka ngati njira yothandizamwadongosolosteroids pochiza bullous pemphigoid. Ndi zochepazapoizonindi otetezeka kuposa dapsone ndi prednisone.

Pachiyeso chimodzi chodziwika bwino chachipatala poyerekeza ndi kuphatikiza kwa 500 mg ya nicotinamide, katatu patsiku, ndi 500 mg ya tetracycline kanayi tsiku lililonse, ndi prednisone, mwa odwala 20 omwe ali ndi bullous pemphigoid, panali mayankho asanu athunthu ndi mayankho asanu. , mu gulu la nicotinamide ndi tetracycline poyerekeza ndi yankho limodzi lathunthu ndi mayankho asanu ochepa mu gulu la prednisone, pambuyo pa masabata a 8 a chithandizo. Odwala onse asanu omwe ali mu gulu la nicotinamide ndi tetracycline anakhalabe opanda matenda panthawi ya mankhwala omwe amatha kutsata mwezi wa 10, pamene odwala atatu omwe ali mu gulu la prednisone anali ndi matenda obwerezabwereza ndi steroid tapering panthawi yomweyi.

Khansara yapakhungu

Malo-mayesero olamulidwa awonetsa kuti odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha dzuwa omwe amamwa nicotinamide pakamwa omwe ali ndi ma actinic keratoses ambiri komanso cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas angayembekezere kuchepetsa kwatsopano.zotupapopita nthawi. Umboni wake ndi wosatsimikizirika.

Zotsatira zoyipa za oral nicotinamide

Nicotinamide yapakamwa nthawi zambiri imalekerera bwino mu Mlingo wochepera 3 g/tsiku. Sichimayambitsa kuphulika kapena kukhumudwa kwa m'mimba, mosiyana ndi nicotinic acid yomwe imayambira. Zanenedwa kuti zimawonjezera thukuta, kukweza shuga m'magazi, komanso kuyambitsahypotension.

Mlingo wambiri wa nicotinamide ungayambitse nseru.

• Nicotinamide yapamwamba

Ziphuphu Nicotinamide, yomwe imapezeka pamutukirimu,gelndi mawonekedwe a pakamwa (mwachitsanzo, Nicomide®), awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza kuchotsa ziphuphu. M'mayesero azachipatala olamulidwa, 4% ya nicotinamide gel idapezeka kuti ndi yothandiza ngati gel opha maantibayotiki 1% clindamycin pochiza acne vulgaris mwa odwala 76 okhala ndi ziphuphu zolimbitsa thupi. Kafukufukuyu adatsimikiza kuti zotsutsana ndi zotupa za nicotinamide mwina zidathandizira kuti chipambano chake chikhale chopambana. Nicotinamide imachepetsanso kupanga sebum kumaso.Sebumimayambitsa kuwala kwa nkhope ndipo imathandizira ku ma comedones osayaka komanso zotupa zotupa. Zotsatira za mayesero achipatala oyendetsedwa bwino mu amayi a ku Caucasus ndi a ku Japan asonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito 2% nicotinamide moisturizer kumaso kwa masabata a 4-6 kumachepetsa kupanga sebum ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa nkhope ndi mafuta.

Gelisi ya Nicotinamide imagulitsidwa ngati mankhwalapa kauntalachithandizo cha ziphuphu zakumaso ku Canada, Australia, NZ, UK, USA ndi Ireland. Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri pa tsiku kumapangitsa kuti khungu liume kwambiri, munthu akhoza kuchepetsa kamodzi pa tsiku, kapena tsiku lililonse.

Rosacea

Zizindikiro za matenda a rosacea zimaphatikizapo kuuma kwa khungu, kufiira komanso kumva. M'maphunziro osachepera awiri, zonyezimira zomwe zimakhala ndi nicotinamide zawonetsedwa kuti zimathandizira ntchito zotchinga pakhungu mwa odwala a rosacea, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwakuchitapo kanthu.zokhumudwitsakuphatikizapo oyeretsa ndi zodzoladzola.

Nicotinamide amagwira ntchito ngati kalambulabwalo wa nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) ndi nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), omwe amaphatikizana.ma enzyme(otsogolera aenzymaticreactions) ndizofunikira pamatenda ambiri a metabolic. Ma co-enzymes awa amathandizira pakupangametabolismzaglucose, kupanga mphamvu zama cell, ndikaphatikizidwezalipids.Miyezo ya NADH / NADPH (mitundu yochepetsedwa ya NAD ndi NADP) imatsika ndi zaka ndipo nicotinamide yapamutu ikuwoneka kuti ikusintha kuchepa. M'mafukufuku angapo azachipatala, nicotinamide yapamwamba idasintha mizere yabwino ndi makwinya, mawanga owoneka bwino, makwinya ofiira, komanso kuyera kwapakhungu (achikasu) komanso kulimba. Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa nicotinamide kuti awonjezere kupanga kwa khungumatabwa a ceramidi, zomwe zimateteza chilengedwe komanso zimateteza khungu, motero zimathandiza kuti khungu likhale ndi mphamvu.

Aawiri akhungu, kulamulidwa ndi placebo, nkhope yogawanika, kumanzere-kumanja,mosasinthaKafukufuku wa masabata 12 mwa amayi 50 adawunikira zotsatira za 5% ya nicotinamide yapamwamba pazizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za ukalamba wa khungu. Ofufuzawo adanenanso kuti nicotinamide yapamwamba idapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa mizere yabwino / makwinya, ma pigmentation, mawonekedwe komanso kufiyira. Kafukufukuyu adathandizidwa ndi Proctor ndi Gamble.

Kafukufuku wina wa akazi 30 athanzi a ku Japan adanenanso za kusintha kwa makwinya a m'zikope pambuyo pa milungu isanu ndi itatu atagwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera zomwe zili ndi nicotinamide 4%.

Nicotinamide imalekerera bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe sangathe kulekerera ma topical retinoids kapena ma asidi a zipatso.

Zotsatira za Anticancer

Ma radiation a Ultraviolet (UVR) ndiye chiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa yapakhunguchitukuko.Njira zomwe UVR imatsogolerakhansandizovuta kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwachindunji kwa DNA ndi zotsatira za chitetezo cha mthupi. Nicotinamide yawonetsedwa kuti imathandizira kukonza kuwonongeka kwachindunji ndi okosijeni kwa DNA mwa anthuma keratinocytesndi khungu la munthu. Ili ndi kuthekera kopewaUV- wopangidwachitetezo cha m'thupi, yowonetsedwa mu kafukufuku wa anthu odzipereka omwe ali ndi mayeso abwino a Mantoux (positive tuberculin sensitivity test). Zomwe Mantoux zimachita zitha kuponderezedwa ndi UVR. Nicotinamide inachepetsa kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo chamthupi ichi ikagwiritsidwa ntchito isanayambe kapena itatha kukhudzana ndi UVR (kuyerekezera kuwala kwa dzuwa).

M'mayesero achipatala omwe amayendetsedwa mwachisawawa mwa odwala 50, 1% nicotinamide gel osakaniza amapaka kawiri tsiku lililonse kumutu, m'manja ndi m'manja kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.kutanthauzanambala yaprecancerousactinic keratoses ndi 28%.

Nicotinamide sagwira ntchito ngati mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa (ndipo samaletsa kupsa ndi dzuwa). Ilibe antioxidant katundu, koma imatha kukhudza kufalikira kwa cell, metabolism ya cell, ndi apoptosis (cell kufa).

Zigawo zovomerezeka ndizo gwero lovomerezeka lazambiri zamankhwala, kuphatikiza kagwiritsidwe kovomerezeka, milingo, ndi chidziwitso chachitetezo. Yang'anani mndandanda wazomwe zili m'dziko lanu kuti mudziwe zambiri zamankhwala.