Iyini i-Adenosine?

I-Adenosine iyi-nucleoside eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kuwo wonke amaseli omzimba. Ngokokhemikhali yi-6-amino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-9-H-purine.

Isakhiwo namazinga egazi

I-Adenosine yenziwe nge-adenine exhunywe ku-ribose sugar molecule (ribofuranose) ingxenye. Isibopho esinamathisela i-adenine kanye noshukela we-ribose kuthiwa yi-β-N9-glycosidic bond.

Izinga elivamile le-plasma adenosine liphakathi kwama-micromoles angu-0.04 no-0.2.

Indima ye-Physiological and pharmacological ye-Adenosine

Emzimbeni, i-adenosine isiza ekudluliselweni kwamandla eselula ngokwenza ama-molecule afana ne-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ne-adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

I-Adenosine futhi idlala indima ekuboniseni izindlela nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene emzimbeni ngokwenza ama-molecule afana ne-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).

I-Adenosine ebuchosheni

Ebuchosheni i-adenosine iyi-neurotransmitter evimbelayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, i-adenosine ingasebenza njenge-central nervous system depressant. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, ikhuthaza ukulala futhi icindezela ukuvuka. Lapho uphapheme amazinga e-adenosine ebuchosheni ayakhuphuka ihora ngalinye.

I-Adenosine enhliziyweni

Enhliziyweni i-adenosine ibangela ukuvuleka kwemithambo yegazi ethuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni. I-Adenosine iphinde ikhulise ububanzi bemithambo yegazi ezingxenyeni ezizungezile.

Enhliziyweni i-adenosine yehlisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi egazini inesenzo sokulwa nama-platelet. Isenzo se-Antiplatelet sivimbela ukuhlangana kweplatelet kanye nokuhlangana.

I-Adenosine egazini

Egazini i-adenosine ihlukaniswa yi-adenosine deaminase. Le enzyme ikhona kumaseli abomvu kanye nodonga lomkhumbi. Isidakamizwa i-Dipyridamole iyisivimbeli se-enzyme i-adenosine deaminase futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphakamisa amazinga e-adenosine egazini. Lokhu kuholela ekunwebeni kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokugeleza kwegazi okuthuthukisiwe emithanjeni yegazi yenhliziyo ehlinzeka imisipha yenhliziyo.

I-adenosine ezinso, amaphaphu nesibindi

Ezinsweni i-adenosine inciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kwezinso futhi yehlise ukukhiqizwa kwe-rennin ezinso.

Emaphashini kubangela ukuminyana kwemigudu yomoya futhi esibindini kuholela ekuncipheni kwemithambo yegazi futhi kwenyuse ukuwohloka kwe-glycogen ukuze yakhe i-glucose.

I-Adenosine iyinhlanganisela eyenzeka ngokwemvelo edlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba emzimbeni womuntu. I-nucleoside, okusho ukuthi yakhiwe i-adenine molecule exhunywe ku-ribose molecule. I-Adenosine ikhona kuwo wonke amaseli futhi ibandakanyeka ekudluliselweni kwamandla njengengxenye ye-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), imali eyinhloko yeseli. Ngaphezu kwendima yayo ku-metabolism yamandla, i-adenosine nayo isebenza njenge-molecule ekhombisayo, isebenza ngama-receptors athile emzimbeni.

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-adenosine pharmacology yindlela yayo yokusebenza. I-Adenosine isebenza ngokubophezela kuma-adenosine receptors athile, okukhona kuwo ama-subtypes amane: A1, A2A, A2B, kanye ne-A3. I-isoform ngayinye ihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi ehlukene yomzimba kanye nezindlela zokubonisa. Uma i-adenosine ibophezela kuma-receptors ayo, ilawula izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zamaselula, kuhlanganise ne-neurotransmission, ithoni ye-vascular, nokusebenza komzimba. Isibonelo, ukusebenza kwe-A1 receptors kungaholela ekuvinjweni kokukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter, kuyilapho ukusebenza kwe-A2A receptors kungaholela ku-vasodilation kanye nemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala.

Ukuqonda i-pharmacology ye-adenosine kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwemitholampilo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha. Enye yezindlela ezaziwa kakhulu zokusetshenziswa komtholampilo i-adenosine indima yayo ekwelapheni ama-arrhythmias athile enhliziyo. I-Adenosine isetshenziswa njenge-antiarrhythmic agent ngenxa yekhono layo lokunciphisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-atrioventricular node, ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise indlela ebuyela emuva futhi ibuyisele isigqi esivamile se-sinus. Ukwengeza, i-adenosine isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokucindezeleka ye-pharmacological ezifundweni ze-imaging zenhliziyo ukuhlola ukuchithwa kwe-myocardial.

Ngamafuphi, i-adenosine iyi-molecule enezici eziningi ezisetshenziswa emitholampilo eminingi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zemithi kanye nendlela yokusebenza. Ikhono layo lokushintsha izinqubo zamangqamuzana ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuqondile kwama-receptor kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekwelapheni izimo zezokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ku-arrhythmia yenhliziyo kuya ezifweni zokuphefumula kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-neuroprotective ezingase zibe khona. Njengoba ucwaningo nge-adenosine luqhubeka, ukusetshenziswa okusha komtholampilo kwale molecule ethakazelisayo kungase kuqhubeke kuvela, kwandise amandla ayo okwelapha kwezokwelapha.

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