Iyini i-nicotinamide?

Iyini i-nicotinamide?

I-Nicotinamide, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-niacinamide noma i-nicotinic acid amide, iwuhlobo oluncibilikayo emanzini, olusebenzayo lukavithamini B3. Kuye ngokuya kufundelwa izinkomba eziningi ezahlukene emkhakheni wei-dermatology, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kucaciswe ukubaluleka kwalo.

INicotinamide ngokwemvelo ikhona ngamanani amancane imvubelo, inyama engenamafutha, inhlanzi, amantongomane kanye nemifino. Ibuye yengezwe kuma-cereals nokunye ukudla. I-Oral nicotinamide itholakala njengo-20–30 mg kuzinhlanganisela zamavithamini amaningi, futhi ngokwayo njengamaphilisi angama-500-mg angabizi. Iphinde yafakwa kwabaningiisihlokoama-agent ahlanganisa ama-sunscreens kanye nama-cosmetic agents.

Isebenza kanjani i-nicotinamide?

Imiphumela ebanzi yomtholampilo ye-nicotinamide ingachazwa ngendima yayo njenge:

• Aiselulaisandulela samandla
• I-modulator yeukuvuvukala ama-cytokines
• Aninhibitorkwezenuzi i-enzymei-poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose [ADP]) i-polymerase [PARP], edlala indima ebalulekileI-DNAukulungiswa, ukugcinwa kokuqina kwe-genomic, kanye nokuphendula kwamaselula ekulimaleni okubandakanyaukuvuvukalafuthii-apoptosis(ukufa kweseli).

Isetshenziselwa ini i-nicotinamide?

I-Vitamin B3 ibalulekile empilweni enhle; ukuntula kuholela ekuguleni okungathi sína, i-pellagra. I-Oral nicotinamide ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ukwelapha i-pellagra.

INicotinamide esetshenziswa njengomuthi ingazuzisa isikhumba ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene.

• INicotinamide ineanti-inflammatoryizakhiwo, ezingase zisetshenziselwe ukwelapha izifo ze-bullous (blistering).
• Ingase ithuthukise izinduna ngesenzo sayo sokulwa nokuvuvukala futhi ngokunciphisa i-sebum.
• Ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kwesithiyo sesikhumba ngokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi ngokusebenzisai-epidermis(ungqimba lwesikhumba lwangaphandle) ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukugeleza kwesikhumba.
• Kubikwa ukuthi kuthuthukisa ibala, ngokuthuthukisaumbala, ukuqubuka nokubomvu kwesikhumba esiguga; isetshenziswa kwezinyeye-cosmeceuticalimikhiqizo.
• Ingase yehlise i-actinic keratoses kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba, ikakhulukazi i-squamous cell carcinoma.
• Isetshenziselwe ukwelapha ukuqhuma kokukhanya kwe-polymorphic.

Izimo zesikhumba zelashwa nge-nicotinamide

• I-nicotinamide yomlomo

I-Bullous pemphigoid

Inhlanganisela ye-nicotinamide yomlomo ne-tetracycline ibonakala ingenye indlela ewusizo kuyouhlelosteroids ekwelapheni i-bullous pemphigoid. Incaneezinobuthifuthi iphephile kune-dapsone ne-prednisone.

Okungenani ocwaningweni olulodwa olunelebula lomtholampilo oluvulekile oluqhathanisa inhlanganisela ye-500 mg ye-nicotinamide, kathathu ngosuku, kanye ne-500 mg ye-tetracycline izikhathi ezine ngosuku, ne-prednisone, ezigulini ezingu-20 ezine-pemphigoid eyinkunzi, kube nezimpendulo eziphelele ezinhlanu kanye nezimpendulo ezinhlanu eziyingxenye. , eqenjini le-nicotinamide ne-tetracycline uma kuqhathaniswa nempendulo eyodwa ephelele kanye nezimpendulo ezinhlanu eziyingxenye eqenjini le-prednisone, ngemva kwamasonto angu-8 ukwelashwa. Zonke iziguli ezinhlanu eziphendula ngokugcwele eqenjini le-nicotinamide ne-tetracycline zahlala zingenazo izifo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwemithi phakathi nenkathi yokulandelela eyizinyanga eziyi-10, kuyilapho iziguli ezintathu eqenjini le-prednisone zinezifo eziphindaphindiwe zokuqubuka kwezifo nge-steroid tapering ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Umdlavuza wesikhumba

I-PlaceboIzivivinyo ezilawulwayo ziphakamise ukuthi iziguli ezisengozini enkulu yokulinyazwa yilanga ezithatha i-nicotinamide yomlomo ezine-actinic keratoses eningi kanye ne-cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas zingalindela ukuncipha kwenani lemishayo entsha.izilondangokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ubufakazi abuphelele.

Imiphumela emibi ye-nicotinamide yomlomo

I-nicotinamide yomlomo ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle ngemithamo engaphansi kuka-3 g/ngosuku. Ayibangeli ukuguquguquka noma ukucasuka kwamathumbu, ngokungafani ne-nicotinic acid eyandulelayo. Kuye kwabikwa ukuthi kwandisa ukujuluka, kwenyusa ushukela egazini, futhi kubangelahypotension.

Imithamo ephezulu kakhulu ye-nicotinamide ingaholela esicanucanu.

• I-nicotinamide yesihloko

Izinduna I-Nicotinamide, etholakala ngesihlokoukhilimu,ijelikanye namafomu omlomo (isb, iNicomide®), kuboniswe ukuthi iyasebenza ekususeni izinduna. Ocwaningweni lomtholampilo olulawulwayo, ijeli engu-4% ye-nicotinamide yatholwa iphumelela njengejeli ye-antibiotiki engu-1% ye-clindamycin ekwelapheni i-acne vulgaris ezigulini ezingama-76 ezinezinduna ezimaphakathi. Ucwaningo luphethe ngokuthi izakhiwo ezilwa nokuvuvukala ze-nicotinamide kungenzeka zibe nomthelela empumelelweni yayo kuzinduna. I-Nicotinamide futhi yehlisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum yobuso.Sebumunomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhanya kobuso futhi unomthelela kuma-comedone angavutha kanye nezilonda ezivuthayo ze-acne. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komtholampilo okulawulwa kahle kwabesifazane baseCaucasian nabaseJapane ibonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-2% ye-nicotinamide moisturizer ebusweni amasonto angu-4-6 kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum ngomehluko omkhulu ekukhanyeni kobuso namafutha.

Ijeli yeNicotinamide imakethwa njengephezu kwekhawuntaukwelashwa kwezinduna eCanada, Australia, NZ, UK, USA nase-Ireland. Uma ukusetshenziswa kabili ngosuku kubangela ukomisa ngokweqile kwesikhumba, umuntu anganciphisa kube kanye ngosuku, noma zonke izinsuku.

I-Rosacea

Izimpawu zomtholampilo nezimpawu ze-rosacea zihlanganisa ukwanda kokoma kwesikhumba sobuso, ububomvu nokuzwela. Okungenani ezifundweni ezimbili, ama-moisturisers aqukethe i-nicotinamide akhonjiswe ukuthi athuthukisa ukusebenza kwesithiyo sesikhumba ezigulini ze-rosacea, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokusabelaokucasulayookuhlanganisa izinto zokuhlanza nezimonyo.

INicotinamide isebenza njengesandulela se-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kanye ne-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), ezisebenzisanayo.ama-enzyme(abagqugquzeli bei-enzymaticreactions) kubalulekile ezindleleni eziningi ze-metabolic. Lawa ma-co-enzyme adlala indima ku-umzimbakweushukela, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwamaselula, kanyeukuhlanganisakwelipids.Amazinga e-NADH / NADPH (izinhlobo ezincishisiwe ze-NAD ne-NADP) ehla ngokuya ngeminyaka futhi i-nicotinamide yasendaweni ibonakala ihlehlisa ukwehla. Ezifundweni eziningi zemitholampilo, i-nicotinamide ye-topical ithuthukise imigqa emihle nemibimbi, amabala anamabala abomvu, ukuqunjelwa okubomvu, nokuba mnyama kwesikhumba (okuphuzi) kanye nokunwebeka. Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabonisa i-nicotinamide ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwesikhumbaama-ceramides, okungama-emollients emvelo kanye nokuvikela isikhumba, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukugeleza kwesikhumba.

Aizimpumputhe ezimbili, isilawuli se-placebo, ubuso obuhlukene, kwesokunxele-kwesokudla,okungahleliweUcwaningo lwamasonto angu-12 kwabesifazane abangu-50 luhlole imiphumela ye-nicotinamide ye-topical engu-5% ezimpawini ezihlukahlukene zokuguga kwesikhumba. Abacwaningi babike ukuthi i-nicotinamide yama-topical iholele ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwemigqa emihle/imibimbi, umbala wombala, ukuthungwa nokubomvu. Ucwaningo beluxhaswe ngabakwaProctor noGamble.

Olunye ucwaningo olwenziwa kwabesifazane baseJapane abanempilo engama-30 lubike ukuba ngcono kwemibimbi yejwabu leso ngemva kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili okusetshenziswa kwesimonyo esiqukethe u-4% we-nicotinamide.

INicotinamide ibekezelelwa kahle futhi imvamisa ingasetshenziswa yilabo abangakwazi ukubekezelela ama-topical retinoids noma ama-asidi esithelo.

Imiphumela ye-Anticancer

Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (I-UVR) iyisici esiyinhloko esiyingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumbaukuthuthukiswa.Izindlela i-UVR eholela kuzoumdlavuzaziyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganise nokulimala okuqondile ku-DNA kanye nemiphumela yamasosha omzimba. I-Nicotinamide ikhonjisiwe ukuthuthukisa ukulungiswa komonakalo we-DNA oqondile ne-oxidative kumuntuama-keratinocytekanye nesikhumba somuntu. Inamandla okuvimbelaUV- ethuthukisiweukucindezelwa komzimba, eboniswe ocwaningweni lwamavolontiya anesivivinyo esihle se-Mantoux (ukuhlolwa kokuzwela kwe-tuberculin okuhle). Ukusabela kwe-Mantoux kungacindezelwa ngokuchayeka ku-UVR. I-Nicotinamide yehlise lokhu kucindezela amasosha omzimba lapho isetshenziswa ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuchayeka ku-UVR (ilingisa ukukhanya kwelanga).

Esivivinyweni somtholampilo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe ezigulini ezingama-50, ijeli ye-nicotinamide engu-1% isetshenziswe kabili nsuku zonke ekhanda, ezingalweni nasezandleni izinyanga eziyisithupha yehlisa ukuvuvukala.kushoinombolo yeprecancerama-actinic keratoses ngo-28%.

INicotinamide ayisebenzi njengesikhilimu elangeni (futhi ayikuvimbi ukushiswa yilanga). Ayinayo i-antioxidant, kodwa ingase ithinte i-cascade ehambisanayo, i-cell energy metabolism, kanye ne-apoptosis (ukufa kweseli).

Amadatha edatha agunyaziwe angumthombo osemthethweni wolwazi lwemithi, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe, imithamo, nolwazi lokuphepha. Hlola imininingwane yomuntu ngamunye ezweni lakini ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nemithi.