Ayini amafutha abalulekile ezitshalo?

KANYEamafutha abalulekile, into eguquguqukayo kakhulu ehlukaniswe inqubo engokomzimba esitshalweni esinephunga elimnandi sohlobo olulodwa lwezitshalo. Amafutha anegama lesitshalo asuselwa kuwo; isibonelo, amafutha e-rose noma amafutha e-peppermint. Amafutha anjalo ayebizwa ngokuthi abalulekile ngoba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi amelela wona kanye umnyombo wephunga nephunga.

I-distillation iyindlela evamile kakhulu yokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha abalulekile, kodwa ezinye izinqubo-okuhlanganisa i-enfleurage (ukukhishwa ngokusebenzisa amafutha), i-maceration, i-solvent extraction, nokucindezela kwemishini-isetshenziselwa imikhiqizo ethile. Izitshalo ezincane zikhiqiza amafutha amaningi kunezindala, kodwa izitshalo ezindala zicebile ngamafutha anenhlaka namnyama ngenxa yokuhwamuka okuqhubekayo kwezingxenyana zikawoyela ezilula.

Imithombo kanye Nokwakheka Kwamakhemikhali

Izitshalo eziningana ziqukethe amafutha abalulekile, noma kunjalo, izingxenye zezitshalo, ezisebenza njengomthombo omkhulu wamafutha abalulekile zingahluka (Ithebula 1). Lokho kuhlanganisa izimpande, amakhasi, amaqabunga, imbewu, izithelo, amagxolo nokunye. Amafutha abalulekile ezitshalo ngokuvamile ayingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlanganisela zemvelo, kokubili inhlanganisela ye-polar kanye ne-nonpolar (Masango 2005). Izinhlanganisela ezivelele emafutheni ahlukahlukene abalulekile zivezwa kuThebula 2. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye zamafutha abalulekile ziyi-terpenes (i-monoterpenes ne-sesquerpenes), ama-aromatic compounds (i-aldehyde, utshwala, i-phenol, i-methoxy derivative, njalonjalo), kanye ne-terpenoids (isoprenoids) (Bakkali nabanye 2008; Mohamed nabanye 2010). Izithako kanye nephunga elimnandi lamafutha abalulekile lingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-2: i-terpene hydrocarbons kanye nama-oxygenated compounds.

Umphumela wokwelapha

★Amafutha e-lavender:Ukupholisa, ukukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwe-bile, i-guicuresis, i-diuresis, ukuya esikhathini, i-hypnosis, umfutho wegazi, ukujuluka neminye imiphumela, nephunga elihle kakhulu, "njengamakha", i-France, ngemva kokufakelwa kabusha kusuka e-Mediterranean Alps emhlabeni jikelele, manje e-Italy, eRussia, eHungary, IBrithani, iBulgaria, iYugoslavia, iSpain, i-Australia, i-United States iyalinywa, i-Xinjiang yaseChina, iShaanxi nezinye izindawo nazo zinesisekelo sokukhiqiza, okuhle izinga.

★Amafutha e-rosemary:ukukhwehlela, umoya, ukwelashwa kwe-hypotension, umsebenzi wesisu, futhi kukhuthaze ukukhishwa kwe-bile, i-diuresis, ukuya esikhathini, umphumela wokujuluka. Iphunga layo lekhambi elipholile nelibukhali, amanye afana nelavender, amaqabunga eucalyptus, i-camphor, uwoyela we-nutmeg, linikeza umuzwa oqabulayo, iphunga elimnandi, elivulekile, nelide. Abantu baseYurophu bakhetha, badabuka emazweni aseMedithera, izwe lethu ekuqaleni lalihlakazekile kuphela ukulima emibhedeni yezimbali ezungezile, kunezindawo eziningana ezilungele ukwandisa indawo yokutshala, evulekile ibe yisizinda.

★Amafutha kalamula:shayela umoya, hlanza, i-diuretic, i-antipyretic, igazi, i-hemostasis, umfutho wegazi, umphumela wokupholisa, owavela e-China noma e-India, wasakazekela eYurophu, emazweni ogwini lwaseMedithera, ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-Italy, i-United States, iCyprus, iSpain, iBrazil, iGuinea kanye namanye amazwe. Izinga lamafutha acindezelwe abandayo akhiqizwa eSichuan lihle kakhulu, kanti inani elincane likhiqizwa eYunnan naseGuangxi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amafutha kalamula namafutha e-bergamot anamakha ahlukene kanye nemiphumela ehlukene yokwelapha, ngakho ungadideki.

★Amafutha e-Bergamot:Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi inomphumela wokulalisa, ngakho-ke akubalulekanga.

★Amafutha e-clove:Iphinde ibe nomthelela wokushayela umoya, i-guaiac nesisu, futhi iphunga libuye libe ngcono. Ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi eMadagascar, eTanzania, ePenang Island yaseMalaysia, eMolucca yaseNdiya nakwezinye izindawo, iChina nayo yethulwa kanye nenani elincane lokukhiqizwa kokukhiqizwa, uwoyela we-clove unamafutha ehlumela, uwoyela weqabunga, uwoyela we-stem, uwoyela wenetha (okhishwe ku-clove bud extract) amaphuzu, i-bud oil, i-leaf oil, i-stem oil, i-net oil (ekhishwe ku-clove bud extract) amaphuzu, i-bud oil kanye ne-net oil effect kungcono.

★Amafutha e-Peppermint:Kunomphumela wokushayela umoya, ukuya esikhathini nokuqinisa isisu. I-China ikhiqiza uwoyela we-peppermint wase-Asia, kuyilapho i-United States ne-Europe ingamafutha e-peppermint yasekhaya, le yakamuva inephunga elingcono, elimnandi futhi elihle, kodwa umphumela wokwelapha kokubili ufana.

★Amafutha esinamoni:inomsebenzi wokuya esikhathini, i-hemostasis, ukuqinisa isisu, ekhiqizwa e-Guangdong, e-Guangxi, ingenye yamafutha abalulekile adumile athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngaphambili e-China. I-Shennong Herbal Classic ibala isinamoni njengomuthi ohamba phambili. Iphunga lamafutha e-sinamoni linamandla futhi lifudumele futhi limnandi, elithandwa abantu baseYurophu nabaseMelika, kodwa abantu base-Asia banomuzwa wokuthi "ukunambitheka kokwelapha kusinda kakhulu" futhi akusetshenziselwa ukugeza kancane.

★Amafutha e-Thyme: II-t inomphumela wokushayela umoya, ukukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwe-bile, i-diuresis, i-menorrhea, ukukhishwa kwe-phlegm, ukwelashwa kwe-hypotension, ukuqinisa isisu, ukujuluka, okukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi eSpain, Morocco, Turkey nakwamanye amazwe, i-China nayo inokukhiqiza. Uwoyela we-thyme unephunga elinamandla neliqinile, uyiphunga elipholile nelomile lemifino, futhi unamandla anamandla okubulala amagciwane, ngakho ukugeza ngamafutha e-thyme kungabulala amagciwane emanzini nasesikhumbeni, futhi kunomphumela wokwelapha kwezinye izifo zesikhumba.

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