What is Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

Ingirabuzimafatizo zose zirimonicotinamide adenine dinucleotidecyangwa NAD +. Igizwe na nucleotide nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) na adenosine diphosphate (ADP), ihujwe na pyrophosifate. NAD + irashobora guhinduka byoroshye hagati yayo yagabanutse (NADH) na okiside (NAD +) isubiza inzira ya redox yitabira.

NAD +ikora nkumukinyi wingenzi mubikorwa bitandukanye bya selile, harimo imbaraga za metabolisme, gusana ADN, no gutangaza selile. Uruhare rwayo muri izi nzira ahanini runyuze mu ruhare rwarwo rutwara electron, guhinduranya electron hagati ya molekile mugihe cya redox reaction.

Inzira NAD + Metabolic Inzira

NAD +metabolism ikubiyemo urusobe rugoye rwa biosynthetic na salvage inzira. De novo biosynthesis ya NAD + itangirana na aside amine tryptophan cyangwa acide nicotinic nkibibanziriza, amaherezo ikarangirira no gushiraho NMN, hanyuma igahinduka NAD +. Ubundi, selile zirashobora gukiza NAD + ukoresheje molekules ya precursor, nka nicotinamide cyangwa nicotinic aside riboside, ihinduka NMN hanyuma igahinduka NAD +.

Inzira yo gukiza ni ingenzi cyane mukubungabunga urwego rwa NAD +, cyane cyane mugihe ibintu bisabwa ingufu nyinshi cyangwa ibanziriza kuboneka. Iyemerera ingirabuzimafatizo kongera gukoresha no gukoresha molekile ya NAD +, ikabuza kugabanuka no gutuma habaho itangwa ryibikorwa byingenzi bya metabolike.

Inyungu Zishobora

NAD +ni ingenzi kubinyabuzima 'mitochondrial kubungabunga no kugenzura gene bijyanye no gusaza. Ariko, urwego rwa NAD + mumibiri yacu rugabanuka cyane uko imyaka igenda. "Iyo tugenda dukura, tubura NAD +. Mugihe ufite imyaka 50, uba ufite kimwe cya kabiri cy'urwego wigeze kugira ufite imyaka 20, ”ibi bikaba byavuzwe na David Sinclair wo muri kaminuza ya Harvard.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igabanuka rya molekile ifitanye isano n'indwara ziterwa n'imyaka harimo gusaza byihuse, indwara ziterwa na metabolike, indwara z'umutima, na neurodegeneration. Urwego rwo hasi rwa NAD + rufitanye isano n'indwara ziterwa n'imyaka kubera metabolism idakora neza. Ariko kuzuza urwego rwa NAD + rwerekanye

Ingaruka zo kurwanya gusaza mubyitegererezo byinyamanswa, byerekana ibisubizo bitanga umusaruro muguhindura indwara ziterwa nimyaka, kongera ubuzima hamwe nubuzima.

Gusaza

Azwi nka “abarinzi ba genome,” sirtuins ni gen zirinda ibinyabuzima, kuva ku bimera kugeza ku nyamaswa z’inyamabere, kwirinda kwangirika n'indwara. Iyo gen zumva umubiri ufite ibibazo byumubiri, nko gukora siporo cyangwa inzara, yohereza ingabo zo kurinda umubiri. Sirtuins ikomeza ubunyangamugayo bwa genome, iteza imbere gusana ADN kandi yerekanye ibintu bifitanye isano no kurwanya gusaza mu nyamaswa ntangarugero nko kongera ubuzima.

NAD + ni lisansi itwara genes gukora. Ariko nkimodoka idashobora gutwara idafite lisansi, sirtuins isaba NAD +. Ibisubizo bivuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ko kuzamura urwego rwa NAD + mu mubiri bikora sirtuine kandi byongera igihe cyo kubaho mu musemburo, inyo, n'imbeba. Nubwo NAD + yuzuza yerekana ibisubizo bitanga umusaruro mubyitegererezo by'inyamaswa, abahanga baracyiga uburyo ibisubizo bishobora gusobanurira abantu.

Imikorere y'imitsi

Nka mbaraga z'umubiri, imikorere ya mito-iyambere ni ingenzi kumikorere yacu. NAD + nimwe murufunguzo rwo kubungabunga mitochondriya nzima no gusohora ingufu zihamye.

Kongera urwego rwa NAD + mumitsi birashobora kunoza mitochondriya hamwe nubuzima bwiza bwimbeba. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana kandi ko imbeba zifata NAD + zohejuru zinanutse kandi zishobora kwiruka kure kuri podiyumu, byerekana ubushobozi bwo gukora siporo. Inyamaswa zishaje zifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa NAD + ziruta urungano.

Indwara ya metabolike

Umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima (OMS) watangajwe nk'icyorezo, umubyibuho ukabije ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara muri sosiyete igezweho. Umubyibuho ukabije urashobora gutera izindi ndwara ziterwa na metabolike nka diyabete, yahitanye abantu miliyoni 1.6 ku isi mu 2016.

Gusaza no kurya amavuta menshi bigabanya urwego rwa NAD + mumubiri. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gufata NAD + boosters bishobora kugabanya imirire ijyanye nimirire hamwe nimyaka bijyanye no kongera ibiro mu mbeba no kongera ubushobozi bwimyitozo ngororamubiri, ndetse no mu mbeba zashaje. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwanahinduye ingaruka za diyabete mu mbeba z’abagore, byerekana ingamba nshya zo kurwanya indwara ziterwa na metabolike.

Imikorere y'umutima

Ubworoherane bwimitsi ikora nka buffer hagati yumuvuduko wumuvuduko woherejwe numutima. Ariko imiyoboro ikomera uko dusaza, bigira uruhare mu muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ibintu by'ingenzi bishobora gutera indwara z'umutima. CDC ivuga ko umuntu umwe apfa azize indwara z'umutima n'imitsi buri masegonda 37 muri Amerika yonyine.

Umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso urashobora gutera umutima munini no guhagarika imiyoboro iganisha ku bwonko. Kuzamura urwego rwa NAD + bitanga kurinda umutima, kunoza imikorere yumutima. Imbeba, NAD + booster zuzuza urwego rwa NAD + mumutima kurwego rwibanze kandi birinda ibikomere kumutima biterwa no kubura amaraso. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko NAD + itera imbaraga zishobora kurinda imbeba kwaguka k'umutima bidasanzwe.

Neurodegeneration

OMS ivuga ko mu 2050, abatuye isi bafite imyaka 60 n'abayirengeje biteganijwe ko bagera kuri miliyari 2, bakubye hafi kabiri umubare wa 2015. Abantu ku isi baramba. Nyamara, gusaza nicyo kintu nyamukuru gitera indwara nyinshi zifata ubwonko harimo n'indwara ya Parkinson na Alzheimer, bitera ubumuga bwo kutamenya.

Imbeba hamwe na Alzheimer, kuzamura urwego rwa NAD + birashobora kugabanya poroteyine kwiyongera bigahungabanya itumanaho kandi byongera imikorere yubwenge. Kuzamura urwego rwa NAD + birinda kandi ingirabuzimafatizo zo mu bwonko gupfa iyo hari amaraso adahagije mu bwonko. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi mubyitegererezo byinyamanswa bugaragaza ibyerekezo bishya byo gufasha ubwonko gusaza neza no kwirinda neurodegeneration.